亚当・斯密的《道德情操论》非常的经典，建议大家读原著，本书主要介绍如下：第一，斯密的道德哲学被称为 “情感主义”，因为整个理论就是从同情或者共情这种基本的人类情感出发的。想象力产生同情，也会促使我们与他人进行比较，并且在比较中对自己的情感进行调整。第二，我们根据自己的情感反应，判断一个行为在道德上是对是错。但是想要达成共识，就需要设想一个没有偏见的旁观者，从他的情感出发做出公正的判断，这个旁观者的视角就是我们的良知。把良知做出的判断普遍化，就有了道德规范和道德义务；当这些规范和义务变成了品格的一部分，我们就有了稳定的德性，这个就是道德的最高境界。第三，《道德情操论》从整体上讨论了人性，也为斯密的整个思想体系奠定了基础。而《国富论》中的经济学，可以看作是从人性的自利动机中发展出来的，是沿着《道德情操论》中的一个方向做的进一步展开，因此不读懂《道德情操论》，也就不能充分理解《国富论》。我再跟你分享一点我读《道德情操论》的感受。在这本书里，斯密并不是要给人类规定一套完整的道德规范，他扮演的不是一个居高临下的道德立法者的角色，而更像是一个道德科学家。他非常敏锐地观察人类的情感、动机和行为，然后用一种带有科学归纳味道的方式，解释人类为什么会有这样一些道德规范。而且他这个道德科学家做的工作，还不是冷冰冰的，而是有温度的，每次阅读《道德情操论》，我都会感慨斯密那双敏锐的眼睛和那颗细腻的心。

Adam Smith's The Theory of Moral Sentiments is a profound exploration of human morality and the mechanisms that govern our ethical behavior. At its core, the book delves into the concept of sympathy—the ability to understand and share the feelings of others—as the foundation of moral judgment. Smith argues that our moral sentiments arise from our natural capacity to empathize with others, and this empathy guides our actions and decisions.One of the most striking aspects of the book is Smith's emphasis on the "impartial spectator," an internalized obschmerver that helps us evaluate our own behavior from an objective standpoint. This concept resonates deeply, as it highlights the importance of self-reflection and the role of societal norms in shaping our moral compass. The impartial spectator serves as a reminder that our actions are not just judged by others but also by our own conscience, which is shaped by our interactions with society.Smith's work also challenges the notion that self-interest is inherently negative. He suggests that self-interest, when balanced with empathy and moral considerations, can lead to positive outcomes for both individuals and society. This idea is particularly relevant in today's world, where the balance between personal ambition and collective well-being is often debated.Reading The Theory of Moral Sentiments has been a thought-provoking experience. It has encouraged me to reflect on my own actions and the motivations behind them. The book serves as a reminder that morality is not just a set of rigid rules but a dynamic interplay of emotions, reason, and social interactions. It has deepened my understanding of how empathy and self-awareness are crucial in navigating the complexities of human relationships and ethical dilemmas.In conclusion, Adam Smith's The Theory of Moral Sentiments is a timeless work that offers valuable insights into the nature of human morality. It challenges readers to consider the role of empathy, self-reflection, and societal influence in shaping ethical behavior. The book is not just a theoretical exploration but a practical guide to living a morally thoughtful life.

好运或厄运的笼统联想，多少会促使我们关切遭遇到好运或厄运的人；但是，不清楚被什么原因触怒的笼统联想，却不会促使我们对那个被触怒者的愤怒兴起同情感。自然女神似乎教我们要比较厌恶去体谅愤怒的感情，甚至教我们在得知这种感情的原因以前，稍微倾向站在它的对立面。在命运可能为人类带来的所有灾难当中，丧失理智，即使对最残忍的那些人来说，似乎也是最为可怕的；当他们看到此一最为悲惨的人生境遇时，他们悲天悯人的心情，比看到其他任何不幸，都更为深切。

走有德行的道，操有情份的行

不讲道德，不讲法律，全是 “一锤子买卖” 的单次博弈，“一年不开张，开张吃 3 年”。所有老师都教我们要修为，要积德。从经济和政治上看，也不是梁山那样玩的。不讲道德的成本越来越高。如果有人敢 “不讲武德”，真的只能 “耗子尾汁”🤣