自然科学总论 类型
可以朗读 语音朗读
678千字 字数
2017-12-01 发行日期
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材料学基础知识：组织结构、电学性质、光学性质与光电特性。

内容简介

全书内容包括：（1）材料的组织结构的基本知识（晶体结构及缺陷）；（2）材料的性质，主要侧重材料的电学性质（包括传导理论，影响材料电学性质的因素，材料的应用）、光学性质（光与物质的相互作用，应用等），及其光电特性（光生电，电生光的原理及应用），介绍材料结构与这些性质的关系和影响。为了教材内容的完整，在材料的性质部分，我们也简要地撰写了材料的力学及热学性质。

目录

  • 内容提要
  • 前言
  • Chapter 1 Introduction
  • 1.1 Definition of Material
  • 1.2 Family of Materials
  • 1.3 Brief History of Material Development
  • 1.4 Material Physics and Other Related Science
  • 1.5 Importance of Material Science
  • Vocabulary
  • Problems
  • Chapter 2 Basic Structure and Organization of Atoms in a Material
  • 2.1 Bonding Modes Among Atoms
  • 2.2 Crystal Structure
  • 2.2.1 Unit Cells, Space Lattices and Lattice Point
  • 2.2.2 Crystal Systems
  • 2.2.3 Representative Parameters for Crystal Systems
  • 2.2.4 Crystal structures of Metals and Organic Materials
  • 2.3 Crystal Defects
  • 2.4 Nanocrystalline Structures
  • 2.5 Amorphous Structures
  • Vocabulary
  • Problems
  • Chapter 3 Fundamentals of Electron Theory
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Wave Particle Duality and Quantum Mechanics
  • 3.3 Wave Function and Schrödinger Equation
  • 3.4 Classical and Quantum Statistics
  • 3.5 Free Electron Theory of Metals
  • 3.6 Band Theory of Solids
  • 3.6.1 Schrödinger Equation and Its Solution Under near Free Electron Approximation
  • 3.6.2 Bandgap
  • 3.6.3 Interpretation of Conductivity
  • 3.6.4 Brillouin Zone Under Near Free Electron Approximate
  • 3.6.5 State Density under Band Theory
  • 3.6.6 Effective Electron Mass as a Function of k
  • Vocabulary
  • Problems
  • Chapter 4 Solid State Phase Transformation
  • 4.1 Concepts
  • 4.2 Features of Solid State Phase Transformation
  • 4.2.1 General Procedure
  • 4.2.2 Phase Interface
  • 4.2.3 Orientation Relationship
  • 4.2.4 Habit Plane
  • 4.2.5 Strain Energy
  • 4.2.6 Influence of Defects
  • 4.2.7 Atom Diffusion
  • 4.3 Classification of Solid State Phase Transformation
  • 4.3.1 Classification Based on Thermodynamics
  • 4.3.2 Classification Based on Atomic Diffusion
  • 4.4 Polycrystalline Transformation
  • 4.5 Eutectoid Transformation
  • 4.5.1 Thermodynamics of Eutectoid Transformation
  • 4.5.2 Processes in Eutectoid Transformation
  • 4.5.3 Dynamic Characteristics: TTT Curve
  • 4.6 Austenite–Martensite Transformation
  • 4.6.1 Historical Remark
  • 4.6.2 Features of Martensitic Transformation
  • 4.6.3 Dynamic Process
  • 4.6.4 Shapes of Martensite
  • 4.6.5 The Mechanism of Martensite Formation
  • 4.6.6 Thermoelastic Martensite and Shape Memory Effect
  • 4.7 Glass Transition
  • Vocabulary
  • Problems
  • Chapter 5 Mechanical Properties
  • 5.1 Significance of Material Mechanical Properties
  • 5.2 Basic Concepts in Mechanics
  • 5.3 Elastic Deformation
  • 5.4 Plastic Deformation
  • 5.5 Creep and Stress Relaxation
  • 5.6 Fracture and Fatigue
  • Vocabulary
  • Problems
  • Chapter 6 Electrical Properties
  • 6.1 Basic Concepts for Electricity
  • 6.1.1 Ohm's Law
  • 6.1.2 Conductivity
  • 6.1.3 Mean Free Path
  • 6.1.4 Materials with Different Electrical Properties
  • 6.2 Conductor
  • 6.2.1 Metal Conductor
  • 6.2.2 Transparent Conducting Oxide(TCO)
  • 6.3 Semiconductor
  • 6.3.1 Inorganic Semiconductor
  • 6.3.2 Organic Semiconductor
  • 6.3.3 Applications of Semiconductor
  • 6.4 Superconductor
  • 6.4.1 Phenomenon and Definition
  • 6.4.2 Meissner Effect
  • 6.4.3 Critical Magnetic Field
  • 6.4.4 Critical Current Density (JC)
  • 6.4.5 Thermal Dynamic Features
  • 6.4.6 Classification of Superconductor
  • 6.4.7 Theory about Superconducting
  • 6.4.8 Tunnelling/Josephson Effect
  • 6.4.9 Applications of Superconductor
  • 6.5 Dielectric Material
  • 6.5.1 What is Dielectric Material?
  • 6.5.2 Characterization
  • 6.5.3 Polarization Mechanism
  • 6.5.4 Complex Dielectric Constant and Dielectric Loss
  • 6.5.5 Dielectric Breakdown
  • 6.6 Thermoelectricity of Material
  • 6.6.1 Thermoelectric Potential and Absolute Thermoelectric Coefficient
  • 6.6.2 Classification
  • 6.6.3 Applications
  • Vocabulary
  • Problems
  • Chapter 7 Magnetic Properties
  • 7.1 Introduction
  • 7.2 Characterization and Principles for Magnetism
  • 7.2.1 Magnetic Field Intensity and Magnetic Force—Macroscopic Approach
  • 7.2.2 Magnetic Dipole, Magnetic Moment and Magnetization—Microscopic Approach
  • 7.2.3 Magnetic Inductance, Permeability and Magnetic Susceptibility
  • 7.2.4 Magnetism Classification
  • 7.3 Features of Ferromagnetic Materials
  • 7.3.1 Curie Point
  • 7.3.2 Order–Disorder Transformations
  • 7.3.3 Magnetic Domain
  • 7.3.4 Features of Ferromagnetic Materials in Magnetic Fields
  • 7.4 Functional Magnetic Materials
  • Vocabulary
  • Problems
  • Chapter 8 Optical Properties
  • 8.1 Light
  • 8.1.1 History of Optical Science
  • 8.1.2 Light Wave-Electromagnetic Wave
  • 8.2 Interaction of Light with Materials
  • 8.2.1 Macro Phenomena
  • 8.2.2 Mechanisms
  • 8.3 Optical Property of Materials
  • 8.3.1 Metals
  • 8.3.2 Nonmetals
  • 8.4 Applications of Optical Materials
  • 8.4.1 Optical Fibers in Communications
  • 8.4.2 Plastic Optics
  • 8.4.3 Luminescent Materials (Inorganic Only)
  • Vocabulary
  • Problems
  • Chapter 9 Thermal Properties
  • 9.1 Heat Capacity
  • 9.1.1 Definition
  • 9.1.2 Classical Model (Dulong-Petit Law)
  • 9.1.3 Einstein Model
  • 9.1.4 Debye Model
  • 9.1.5 Comparison of Models
  • 9.1.6 Heat Capacity in Real Materials
  • 9.2 Thermal Conductivity
  • 9.2.1 Thermal Conductivity and Thermal Diffusivity
  • 9.2.2 Mechanism for Heat Conduction
  • 9.2.3 Thermal Conduction in Real Materials
  • 9.3 Thermal Expansion
  • 9.3.1 Length and Volume Thermal Expansions
  • 9.3.2 Theory for Thermal Expansion
  • 9.3.3 Thermal Expansion and Heat Capacity
  • 9.3.4 Thermal Expansion and Melting Point
  • 9.4 Thermal Stability and Thermal Shock
  • Vocabulary
  • Problems
  • 参考文献
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