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追溯亚历山大大帝一生的历史记录,介绍生平和统治的历史。

内容简介

Alexander the Great became king of Macedon in 336 BC, when he was only 20 years old, and died at the age of 32, twelve years later. During his reign he conquered the Achaemenid Persian Empire, the largest empire that had ever existed, leading his army from Greece to Pakistan, and from the Libyan desert to the steppes of Central Asia. His meteoric career, as leader of an alliance of Greek cities, Pharaoh of Egypt, and King of Persia, had a profound effect on the world he moved through. Even in his lifetime his achievements became legendary and in the centuries that following his story was told and retold throughout Europe and the East. Greek became the language of power in the Eastern Mediterranean and much of the Near East, as powerful Macedonian dynasts carved up Alexander's empire into kingdoms of their own, underlaying the flourishing Hellenistic civilization that emerged after his death.

But what do we really know about Alexander? In this Very Short Introduction, Hugh Bowden goes behind the usual historical accounts of Alexander's life and career. Instead, he focuses on the evidence from Alexander's own time — letters from officials in Afghanistan, Babylonian diaries, records from Egyptian temples — to try and understand how Alexander appeared to those who encountered him. In doing so he also demonstrates the profound influence the legends of his life have had on our historical understanding and the controversy they continue to generate worldwide.

目录

  • COPYRIGHT
  • Acknowledgements
  • List of illustrations
  • Timeline of Alexander's life
  • A note on dates
  • Introduction
  • Chapter 1 Before Alexander
  • The rise of Achaemenid Persia
  • Ruling the empire
  • Persia and the Greeks
  • The Achaemenid empire in the 4th century
  • Macedonia: the first 150 years
  • Philip II
  • Chapter 2 Prince: Alexander in the Macedonian court
  • Royal women
  • Eurydice
  • Cleopatra
  • Olympias
  • The life of a prince
  • Hunting
  • Alexander becomes king
  • Chapter 3 Warrior: Alexander's army
  • Forces
  • Sieges
  • Battles
  • The Battle of the Granicus
  • The Persian Gates
  • Omens
  • The campaigns
  • Chapter 4 Commander: Alexander and the Greeks
  • Autonomy and control
  • The League of Corinth
  • The sack of Thebes
  • The cities of Asia Minor and the islands of the east Aegean
  • Sparta
  • Athens
  • Exiles
  • Chapter 5 Pharaoh: Alexander and Egypt
  • Alexandria
  • The oracle of Amun
  • Pharaoh Alexander
  • Chapter 6 King of the world: Alexander and Persia
  • 'King of the World'
  • Susa
  • The burning of Persepolis
  • Dressing as a Persian
  • Court ceremonial
  • Alexander's queens
  • Chapter 7 Traveller: Alexander in Afghanistan and Pakistan
  • Alexander and the queen of the Amazons
  • Into Afghanistan
  • The edge of empire
  • Court intrigues
  • To the Indus Valley
  • Turning back?
  • To the ocean
  • The Gedrosian Desert
  • Chapter 8 Doomed to die: Alexander in Babylon
  • Babylonian scholarship
  • Alexander's entry into Babylon, 331
  • Alexander's entry into Babylon, 323
  • Death
  • Chapter 9 After Alexander
  • Roman Alexanders: Julius Caesar and others
  • Medieval Alexander
  • Alexander, the Enlightenment, and empire
  • Hero or villain
  • References
  • Further reading
  • Index
  • HERODOTUS
  • SOCIAL MEDIA
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    Alexander, the Great

    Alexander the Great was born in 356, and was king of Macedon from 336 to his death in 323. As king, he led an army into the territory of the Achaemenid Persian empire, and took control of a territory that consisted of what is now Modern Greece, parts of Bulgaria, Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, Jordan, Egypt, parts of Libya, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, parts of Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, and most of Pakistan.

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